Class
Mitochondria-Derived Peptide (MDP) — 12S rRNA Encoded
Molecular Weight
2,174 Da
Half-life
Short; nuclear translocation studied
Purity
≥98% (HPLC)
Form
Lyophilized powder
Storage
Lyophilized: −20°C; Reconstituted: 4°C
Reconstitution
Sterile water or PBS
Mechanism of action
MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide translated from the 12S rRNA open reading frame of mitochondrial DNA — a novel class of bioactive signaling molecules. In response to metabolic stress, MOTS-c translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus where it regulates gene expression through AMPK activation and interaction with antioxidant response elements (ARE). Key effects include promotion of glucose uptake via AMPK, inhibition of the folate cycle, and regulation of reactive oxygen species.
⚠️ For Research Use Only — described exclusively for in vitro and laboratory research by qualified researchers. Not for human or veterinary use. Informational only; does not constitute medical advice or imply efficacy in humans.
Research highlights
AMPK
Insulin-sensitizing kinase pathway activation
Exercise
Molecular overlap with endurance training in muscle
Aging
Levels decline with age; reversal studied
mtDNA
Unique: encoded by mitochondrial genome
Research notes
- Exercise mimetic: MOTS-c administration recapitulates molecular signatures of endurance exercise in skeletal muscle.
- Aging research: MOTS-c levels decline significantly with age; aged mice treated with MOTS-c showed improved exercise capacity and grip strength.
- Longevity association: Specific MOTS-c variants associated with longevity and reduced disease risk in centenarian genetic studies.
- Obesity resistance: Mice on high-fat diet with MOTS-c supplementation showed significant resistance to diet-induced obesity.
- AMPK pathway: Direct AMPK activation drives GLUT4 translocation and improved muscle glucose uptake independent of insulin.
